Parenting and ADHD can be a minefield. Having a child who lacks concentration and possible have ADHD can been a struggle. Coming home the first week of primary school with a letter outlining that your child is not focusing in class was a conundrum. I have always been opposed to medication and opted for an alternative approach.
We started with Omega 3 and Bio-Strath supplements daily. I discussed this with my therapist who herself has a son with ADHD and she had some insights which made a lot of sense to me; only medicate when your child is unable to do what they need to do. I took this to heart and stuck with our supplementation regime.
Just a side note: We did an eye exam of found out that my daughter was unable to see out of her right eye. This obviously had an effect on her ability to function in class. So do make sure that you look into alternatives such as these as a possible cause for your child’s struggle in a schooling environment. I would suggest that all children have a eye test in pre-primary already to make sure that this is not affecting their ability to function “normally”.
We had tests done at the Neurodiversity Centre at age 14 and the feedback was that ADHD is definitely part of the diagnosis and that medication could be beneficial. Again at this stage we made a decision to rather continue with natural alternatives and supplementation.
So fast forward 3-years; my grade 11 child who’s doing very well academically feels she is struggling to maintain her academic focus. She is constantly tired regardless of the amount of sleep or the quality of sleep she got. She is unable to get herself out of bed let alone to school.
It has been a couple of months that she has been discussing ADHD medication with her therapist as an option to address these issues. Her psychiatrist has been wary to add ADHD medication, as she was concerned how this addition will affect the function of her other meds; which we struggled to optimise over the last 3-years.
Ultimately we had to give in and add ADHD medication to her daily medication.
Two months in and so far so good, she has been taking a slow release, low dosage tablet daily and apart from loosing her appetite, (unless it’s prawns), she has been able to cope better and her struggle with fatigue and lack of energy has improved noticeable. Should we have started medication earlier? Would it have made her journey to grade 11 easier? No one can say.
She is able to gauge how these meds affect her and is able to verbalise these effects. If she was medicated earlier she might not have the insights she now have on her identity and how being “medicated” has changed her as a person.
Should you medicate your child or try an alternative approach? I have collated some valuable insights on who to see and how to make the right decision for your family.
Regardless of your journey and where you are; there are alternatives but it’s also important to know where to go to find the right information.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are developmental conditions that can significantly impact a child’s academic, social, and emotional well-being. As a parent, understanding when intervention is necessary, the various treatment options, and who to consult for proper diagnosis and care is crucial. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of ADD/ADHD, exploring the developmental stages of the disorder, the role of medication, natural alternatives, and the professionals best suited to manage these conditions.
Understanding ADD and ADHD
ADD and ADHD are neurodevelopmental disorders that affect a child’s ability to focus, manage impulses, and maintain appropriate activity levels for their age. While ADD typically refers to inattention without hyperactivity, ADHD includes hyperactive and impulsive behaviour. These conditions often manifest during early childhood and can continue into adolescence and adulthood if not properly managed.
Key Signs of ADD/ADHD by Developmental Stage:
1. Preschool Years (Ages 3-5):
Difficulty following simple instructions.
Trouble playing quietly or sitting still during activities.
Frequent temper tantrums due to frustration or overstimulation.
Hyperactivity and excessive talking or movement.
2. Primary School Years (Ages 6-12):
Struggles with completing tasks and following through on assignments.
Difficulty sustaining attention during lessons or when doing homework.
Disorganization and frequent loss of items like homework or school supplies.
Fidgeting or restlessness during class.
Difficulty in social interactions, often interrupting others.
3. Adolescence (Ages 13-18):
Procrastination and inability to manage time effectively.
Ongoing struggles with focus, particularly in academic settings.
Impulsive behaviour, such as risky activities without considering consequences.
Emotional instability or frustration in managing schoolwork and relationships.
When Is Intervention Necessary?
It is common for children, especially younger ones, to exhibit some signs of inattention or hyperactivity. However, if these behaviours persist, worsen over time, or significantly impair their daily functioning, professional intervention may be needed. Key indicators that intervention may be necessary include:
Struggling academically despite effort and support.
Inability to maintain friendships or appropriate social interactions.
Behavioural issues at home or school, such as frequent disruptive behaviour.
Persistent trouble with focus, even during preferred activities.
Diagnosing ADD/ADHD: The Testing Process
A definitive diagnosis of ADD or ADHD requires a comprehensive evaluation. A paediatrician or psychologist typically starts the process, but the following professionals may also be involved:
1. Paediatricians or Family Doctors:
Often the first step in assessing symptoms and ruling out other medical conditions.
Can provide initial evaluations and refer you to specialists.
2. Child Psychologists or Psychiatrists:
Specialize in mental health and are equipped to administer standardized ADHD diagnostic tools, such as behavioural checklists, clinical interviews, and cognitive assessments.
Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication, if needed.
3. Neurologists:
May be consulted if neurological issues like seizures or developmental delays are suspected.
Conduct thorough neurological evaluations to rule out other underlying causes.
4. Educational Psychologists:
Can assess cognitive and academic functioning through educational testing.
Work with schools to create individualized education plans (IEPs) or 504 Plans if ADHD affects academic performance.
Medication for ADD/ADHD: Pros and Cons
Medication is a common and highly effective treatment for managing ADHD symptoms, particularly in school-aged children and adolescents. The two primary types of medications prescribed are:
1. Stimulants (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall):
Work by increasing the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping children focus and control impulses.
Proven to be highly effective, with about 70-80% of children showing improvement in symptoms.
Side effects may include sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, and mood changes.
2. Non-Stimulants (e.g., Strattera, Intuniv):
These are alternatives for children who do not respond well to stimulants or experience severe side effects.
They take longer to work but have fewer side effects like anxiety or appetite suppression.
Natural Alternatives to Medication
While medication is highly effective for many children, some parents prefer natural approaches, either alone or in combination with medication. Here are some alternatives:
1. Behavioural Therapy:
Focuses on teaching children how to manage their behaviour, develop coping strategies, and improve focus.
Parent training and school-based interventions can help children function better in structured environments.
2. Diet and Nutrition:
A balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish oils), proteins, and whole grains may support brain function.
Some studies suggest that reducing artificial additives, sugar, and processed foods may improve symptoms in some children.
3. Physical Activity:
Regular physical exercise can improve focus, reduce hyperactivity, and regulate mood.
Activities like martial arts, yoga, or team sports can help children develop discipline and self-regulation skills.
4. Mindfulness and Meditation:
Teaching children mindfulness practices can help them become more aware of their thoughts and emotions, improving their ability to focus and stay calm.
Breathing exercises and guided relaxation techniques can reduce impulsivity and anxiety.
When to Consider Medication or Natural Alternatives?
The decision to medicate a child with ADHD should be carefully weighed, considering the severity of the symptoms, the child’s developmental stage, and how the disorder impacts daily life. In milder cases, natural alternatives such as behavioural therapy and lifestyle changes may be sufficient. However, in moderate to severe cases, medication may be necessary to help a child focus and function effectively in school and other settings.
Collaborative Approach with Medical Professionals
Regardless of the approach, it is essential to work closely with medical professionals. Paediatricians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and school counsellors can collaborate to develop a tailored treatment plan that supports your child’s unique needs. Regular follow-ups and adjustments may be necessary as your child grows and their needs evolve.
Online Resources:
Global Resources
1. CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
CHADD is a national nonprofit organization that provides education, advocacy, and support for individuals with ADHD. Their website offers a wealth of resources, including fact sheets, webinars, and a comprehensive library on ADHD-related topics.
2. ADDitude Magazine
ADDitude is a trusted resource for families living with ADHD and learning disabilities. It offers expert advice, articles, and practical strategies for managing ADHD in children, teens, and adults. They also provide free webinars and downloadable tools.
3. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
The AAP provides guidelines for parents on ADHD, including diagnosis, treatment options, and behavioral interventions. Their resource page offers evidence-based information on how to support children with ADHD.
4. Understood.org
Understood is dedicated to helping parents of children with learning and attention issues. Their ADHD section includes resources on understanding symptoms, treatments, and strategies for managing ADHD at school and at home.
5. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
NIMH is a leading research organization on mental health issues, including ADHD. They provide detailed information on ADHD symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as the latest research findings.
6. The ADHD Foundation (UK)
This UK-based foundation provides extensive support resources for parents and teachers of children with ADHD, including fact sheets, videos, and links to research.
7. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
The CDC provides reliable information about ADHD in children, including statistics, treatment options, and guidance for parents on managing ADHD at different developmental stages.
South African Resources
1. ADHASA (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Support Group of Southern Africa)
ADHASA is a South African organisation that supports individuals with ADHD and their families. Their website provides valuable information on ADHD symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and educational strategies. They also offer support groups and workshops for parents and educators.
2. The South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG)
SADAG is Africa’s largest mental health support and advocacy group, providing information and support on a wide range of mental health issues, including ADHD. Their ADHD resources cover treatment options, local support groups, and access to professional help.
3. ADD/ADHD South Africa (Facebook Group)
This is a South African-based Facebook support group that offers a community for parents and individuals dealing with ADHD. Members can share experiences, ask questions, and find support. While informal, it’s a valuable space for connecting with others in similar situations.
Visit ADD/ADHD South Africa on Facebook
4. South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP)
SASOP provides information about ADHD from a clinical perspective and helps parents find qualified professionals in South Africa. Their website includes resources on mental health conditions like ADHD, as well as access to local psychiatrists who specialize in the treatment of ADHD.
5. Health24 (South Africa)
Health24 is a popular South African health website offering comprehensive information about ADHD, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Articles are geared towards both parents and adults with ADHD, with local insights and resources.
6. Clicks Clinics ADHD Screening (South Africa)
Clicks Clinics offer ADHD screening for children in partnership with local health professionals. This service provides an affordable option for parents concerned about ADHD symptoms in their children. Their website provides details on how and where to access these services.
Visit Clicks Clinics ADHD Screening
7. The South African Society for Learning Disabilities (SASLD)
SASLD offers resources for parents and educators regarding ADHD and learning disabilities. They focus on educational interventions, support strategies, and professional development for teachers working with children with ADHD.
These resources provide a combination of global insights and local support, giving parents in South Africa access to relevant information, professional help, and community engagement for ADHD management.
In summary, managing ADD/ADHD is a journey that often requires a blend of approaches, from medication to natural alternatives. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to ensuring that children with these conditions reach their full potential. By partnering with the right professionals and remaining open to various treatments, parents can help their children navigate the challenges of ADHD and thrive throughout their developmental years.